High-Energy Ejection of Molecules and Gas-Dust Outbursts in Coal Mines.

Sergii D Kaim

doi:10.3390/e23121638

Abstract

In the current work, using the framework of the formalism found in the Bogolyubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) equations for the distribution functions of particle groups, the effective single-particle potential near the surface of the liquid was analyzed. The thermodynamic conditions under which a sudden opening of the liquid surface leads to high-energy ejection of atoms and molecules were found. The energies of the emitted particles were observed to be able to significantly exceed their thermal energy. Criteria of the ejection stability of the liquid surface and the self-acceleration of ejection were formulated. The developed theory was used to explain the phenomenon of the self-acceleration of gas-dust outbursts in coal mines during the explosive opening of methane traps. The results also explained the mechanisms of generating significant amounts of methane and the formation of coal nanoparticles in gas-dust outbursts. The developed approach was also used to explain the phenomenon of the self-ignition of hydrogen when it enters the atmosphere.

Highlights

In condensed systems, there exist high-energy phenomena whose characteristic energies are measured by several electron volts or more per particle
When a vessel with compressed hydrogen is suddenly opened, which has thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the boundary line of self-acceleration, the high-energy emission of molecules leads to the self-acceleration of the ejection and the initiation of a rarefaction shock wave
The key role in the phenomena of ejection of atoms and molecules from the surface of condensed systems is played by the single-particle potential of average forces, which is formed as a result of interparticle interactions and correlations, which significantly depends on the thermodynamic parameters of the system

Summary

Introduction

There exist high-energy phenomena whose characteristic energies are measured by several electron volts or more per particle. Breaks in molecular bonds during the passage through the front of coal destruction were associated with the separation of methyl groups, and macroscopic outburst parameters indicated a high-energy detonative nature of the phenomenon of gas and coal outbursts Another unsolved problem is a lack of clarity regarding the mechanisms of generating dust and gas outbursts. The generation of significant volumes of methane and highly dispersed coal to a nanoscale indicates the high-energy phenomena of coal atomization during gas and dust outbursts in coal mines. The study of the mechanism of gas-dust ejections requires a microscopic approach at the atomic-molecular level to describe the phenomenon of the atomization of hydrogen atoms and methyl groups from the structure of coal. The number of generated methane molecules was a critical quantity for self-sustaining the destruction of the molecular structure of coal and the formation of methane and coal nanoparticles

Effective Single-Particle Potential in Semi-Limited Liquid

Conditions of Impact Dissociation of Coal Molecules

Conditions of Self-Ignition of Hydrogen upon Release into Atmosphere

Findings

Discussion of the Results

Conclusions