Abstract

The first decade of RHIC operations as well as the first two heavy-ion runs at the LHC have yielded a vast amount of interesting and sometimes surprising data. There exists compelling evidence that RHIC and LHC have created a hot and dense state of deconfined quark-gluon matter with properties similar to that of an ideal fluid — this state of matter has been termed the strongly interacting QuarkGluon-Plasma (sQGP). A first summary on our understanding of the RHIC data has been attempted in a series of publications which appeared in two special volumes of Nuclear Physics A: the first one outlining the current theoretical views and case for the sQGP1) and the second one detailing the experimental results of the first three years of RHIC operations.2) Over the past couple of years, and with the advent of additional high-precision data, the emphasis of the RHIC and LHC programs is now shifting from the initial discovery phase to an exploration phase with the goal of precisely characterizing the properties of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma.

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