High Electrical Conductivity and Hole Transport in an Insightfully Engineered Columnar Liquid Crystal for Solution-Processable Nanoelectronics.

Abstract

Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are widely acknowledged as a class of organic semiconductors that can harmonize charge carrier mobility and device processability through supramolecular self-assembly. In spite of circumventing such a major challenge in fabricating low-cost charge transport layers, DLC-based hole transport layers (HTLs) have remained elusive in modern organo-electronics. In this work, a minimalistic design strategy is envisioned to effectuate a cyanovinylene-integrated pyrene-based discotic liquid crystal (PY-DLC) with a room-temperature columnar hexagonal mesophase and narrow bandgap for efficient semiconducting behavior. Adequately combined photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies investigate the structure-property relations, logically correlating them with efficient hole transport. With a low reorganization energy of 0.2eV, PY-DLC exhibits superior charge extraction ability from the contact electrodes at low values of applied voltage, achieving an electrical conductivity of 3.22 × 10-4 Sm-1, the highest reported value for any pristine DLC film in a vertical charge transport device. The columnar self-assembly, in conjunction with solution-processable self-healed films, results in commendably elevated values of hole mobility (≈10-3 cm2V-1s-1). This study provides an unprecedented constructive outlook toward the development of DLC semiconductors as practical HTLs in organic electronics.