Abstract
High power operation of an $\mathbf{E}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbf{B}$ drifting electron laser (DEL) with electrostatic (ES) wiggler offers the same advantages with the previously introduced magnetostatic wiggler (MS) version, namely, much higher efficiency than the free electron laser (FEL) $\ensuremath{\eta}<~{1/2N}_{w}$ limit, due to unrestricted particle excursions. A parameter scaling allows unified treatment of oblique radiation emission, space charge effects and sensitivity to beam thermal spreads, for both the ES and MS cases. Emission at an angle relative to the drifting beam occurs naturally in an ES wiggler, while tilting the resonator axis is proposed to compensate for the off-axis walk of the emitting electrons for finite radiation spot size. No efficiency loss occurs at small tilt angles. It is also shown that DEL's exhibit much higher tolerance to low beam quality than FEL's. Finally, the DEL operation at low radiation power, with finite trapped particle excursions, is analyzed. It is shown that the efficiency there can still exceed that of a comparable FEL, particularly at low wiggler strengths.
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