Abstract
Light-activated tooth bleaching with a high hydrogen peroxide (HP; H2O2) concentration has risks and the actual role of the light source is doubtful. The use of conventional light might result in an increase in the temperature and cause thermal damage to the health of the tooth tissue.Objective:This study investigated the efficacy of tooth bleaching using non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP) with 15% carbamide peroxide (CP; CH6N2O3) including 5.4% HP, as compared with conventional light sources. Material and Methods:Forty human teeth were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (CP+NAPP), Group II (CP+plasma arc lamp; PAC), Group III (CP+diode laser), and Group IV (CP alone). Color changes (ΔE ) of the tooth and tooth surface temperatures were measured. Data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's tests. Results:Group I showed the highest bleaching efficacy, with a ΔE value of 1.92-, 2.61 and 2.97-fold greater than those of Groups II, III and IV, respectively (P<0.05). The tooth surface temperature was maintained around 37ºC in Group I, but it reached 43ºC in Groups II and III. Conclusions:The NAPP has a greater capability for effective tooth bleaching than conventional light sources with a low concentration of HP without causing thermal damage. Tooth bleaching using NAPP can become a major technique for in-office bleaching in the near future.
Highlights
Modern tooth bleaching agents are based primarily on hydrogen peroxide (HP; H2O2) and carbamide peroxide (CP; CH6N2O3)18
After the teeth were coated with 15% CP, they were treated with each light source for the indicated times
Current tooth bleaching procedures have several drawbacks: (1) at-home bleaching using low concentrations of HP is relatively safe for tissues but requires a long time for satisfactory results GXH WR LWV ZHDN HIIHFWV LQRI¿FH EOHDFKLQJ KDV a stronger effect but has risks due to the high HP FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DQG WKH HI¿FDF\ RI OLJKW VRXUFHV used in tooth bleaching is doubtful
Summary
Modern tooth bleaching agents are based primarily on hydrogen peroxide (HP; H2O2) and carbamide peroxide (CP; CH6N2O3). Modern tooth bleaching agents are based primarily on hydrogen peroxide (HP; H2O2) and carbamide peroxide (CP; CH6N2O3)18 Both bleaching agents effectively remove chromogens deposited on the enamel and dentin of teeth, thereby whitening the tooth. High-concentration peroxides are used IRU LQRI¿FH EOHDFKLQJ DQG ORZ FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DUH XVHG IRU DWKRPH EOHDFKLQJ ,QRI¿FH EOHDFKLQJ is generally performed using high concentrations (35-50%) of HP-containing gel in combination with light sources. At-home bleaching is performed using low concentrations of CP (usually containing 2-10% HP), which are applied for several hours per day for several weeks8 8QOLNH LQRI¿FH EOHDFKLQJ DWKRPH bleaching does not guarantee immediate results. The halogen curing light, plasma arc lamp (PAC; bleaching mode),
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