High‐Efficiency As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells Based on Acceptors with Steric Hindrance Induced Planar Terminal Group

Abstract

AbstractA series of alkyl, alkoxyl, and alkylthio substituted A–π–D–π–A type nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) IDTCN‐C, IDTCN‐O, and IDTCN‐S are designed and synthesized. The introduction of a lateral side chain at the outer position of the π bridge unit can endow the terminal moiety with a confined planar conformation due to the steric hindrance. Thus, compared with nonsubstituted NFA (IDTT2F), these acceptors tend to form favorable face‐on orientation and exhibit strong crystallinity as verified with grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurement. Moreover, the variation of side chain can significantly change the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of acceptors. As state‐of‐the‐art NFAs, a power conversion efficiency of 13.28% (Voc = 0.91 V, Jsc = 19.96 mA cm−2, and FF = 73.2%) is obtained for the as‐cast devices based on IDTCN‐O, which is among the highest value reported in literature. The excellent photovoltaic performance for IDTCN‐O can be attributed to its slightly up‐shifted LUMO level and more balanced charge transport. This research demonstrates side chain engineering is an effective way to achieve high efficiency organic solar cells.