Abstract
The essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCZ) and its major compounds are known to have several biological activities. However, some evidence shows potential toxic effects of high doses of EOCZ (>300 mg/kg) in amphibian and human kidneys. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects on renal function of EOCZ at 300 mg/kg/day in healthy Swiss mice and a subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) animal model, which presents tubule-interstitial injury (TII). Four experimental groups were generated: (1) CONT group (control); (2) EOCZ, mice treated with EOCZ; (3) subAKI; (4) subAKI+EOCZ, subAKI treated simultaneously with EOCZ. EOCZ treatment induced TII measured by increases in (1) proteinuria; (2) cortical tubule-interstitial space; (3) macrophage infiltration; (4) collagen deposition. A decrease in tubular sodium reabsorption was also observed. These results were similar and nonadditive to those observed in the subAKI group. These data suggest that treatment with EOCZ at higher concentrations induces TII in mice, which could be mediated by protein overload in the proximal tubule.
Highlights
Kidney disease represents a public health problem and is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity [1,2,3]
Since changes were not observed in glomerular function markers (Figure 2) but an increase in FENa+ and proteinuria, we postulated that essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCZ) treatment could lead to TIIdamage involves changes inina glomerular tubular structure, immune cell and collagen tubular without change function
Despite the widespread use of EOCZ for the treatment of several diseases [16,19,20,21,31,32], little is knownthe about the effectuse of EOCZ
Summary
Kidney disease represents a public health problem and is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity [1,2,3]. One of the main causes of the development of TII is albumin overload in the proximal tubule (PT) caused by increased filtration at the glomerular membrane [5,6,7] This process induces functional changes in PT epithelial cells (PTECs), leading to the development of a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic phenotype [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]. In this context, identification of treatments for TII could represent a forward step to halt the progression of renal disease. Several reports have proposed that essential oils, even those used directly from plant extracts, could be used for the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases such as kidney disease
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