Abstract
An in vivo assay for BCG anti-cancer efficacy was developed, utilizing subcutaneous injection into CFW Swiss-Webster mice of cultured S180 sarcoma cells and mixed with freeze-dried Tice ™ BCG vaccine. A BCG dose of 0.156–1.56 mg dry weight significantly inhibited tumor formation, but a BCG dose of 0.156–1.56 μg significantly enhanced tumor growth, evidenced by increased tumor incidence, volume and initial growth rate. These antagonistic activities may contribute to the high variability of BCG anti-cancer efficacy seen in animals and humans and indicate the need to exercise caution when employing even low doses of BCG for cancer immunotherapy.
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