Abstract
In this paper, we examine the performance of several modulation formats in more than four dimensions for coherent optical communications systems. We compare two high-dimensional modulation design methodologies based on spherical cutting of lattices and block coding of a 'base constellation' of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) on each dimension. The performances of modulation formats generated with these methodologies is analyzed in the asymptotic signal-to-noise ratio regime and for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We then study the application of both types of high-dimensional modulation formats to standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission systems. For modulation with spectral efficiencies comparable to dual-polarization (DP-) BPSK, polarization-switched quaternary phase shift keying (PS-QPSK) and DP-QPSK, we demonstrate SNR gains of up to 3 dB, 0.9 dB and 1 dB respectively, at a BER of 10(-3).
Highlights
The introduction of phase- and polarization-diverse digital coherent receivers in recent years has led to gains in capacity both from the mitigation of previously limiting transmission impairments such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) [1], and the use of all four optical carrier dimensions for modulation
In this paper, we examine the performance of several modulation formats in more than four dimensions for coherent optical communications systems
We study the application of both types of high-dimensional modulation formats to standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission systems
Summary
The introduction of phase- and polarization-diverse digital coherent receivers in recent years has led to gains in capacity both from the mitigation of previously limiting transmission impairments such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) [1], and the use of all four optical carrier dimensions for modulation. Efforts have been made to improve the performance of coherent optical systems by considering joint modulation of all four dimensions of the carrier. After coherent detection and equalization (not shown), the 4-D signal is deserialized into an N-dimensional field This field is used for minimum Euclidean distance symbol detection (this may be considered as joint demapping and decoding), resulting in a p-bit hard decision. We note that in this paper and our previous work on high-dimensional modulation [16,17,18,19,20] we have focussed on modulation with numbers of dimensions which are multiples of four, any number of dimensions may be used This may be achieved by simultaneously generating four high-dimensional symbols, and serializing them independently onto each of the four carrier quadratures.
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