Abstract
BackgroundOne of the most important prognostic indicators in gastric cancer is the presence of metastases in lymph nodes. Even now, little is known about lymphangiogenesis in neoplastic tissue, and little is also known about the transmission of a neoplastic cell from the tumor mass into a lymphatic vessel.MethodsThis study examined the relationships between the density of lymphatic vessels (LVD) stained immunohistochemically with lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and D2-40 (podoplanin) antibodies, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/D, selected clinical and pathomorphological factors, and the 5-year overall survival of gastric cancer patients.ResultsStatistical analysis showed no impact of increased intratumoral or peritumoral LVD on gastric cancer patient survival, irrespective of the protein used to stain lymphatic vessels. Analysis showed that the probability of overall survival was decreased in the cases with enhanced VEGF-D immunoreactivity (P = 0.0045).ConclusionThe study showed that the studied markers cannot be used to determine the required extent of the surgical procedure, as they have no statistically significant correlation with the degree of progression of the cancer, the stage of the disease assessed according to the TNM 5th classification of malignant tumors, clinicopathological features, and patient survival. VEGF-D is the only marker that can be regarded as an unfavorable prognostic indicator for patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Highlights
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths [1]
This study examined the relationships between the density of lymphatic vessels (LVD) stained immunohistochemically with lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) and D2-40 antibodies, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/D, selected clinical and pathomorphological factors, and the 5-year overall survival of gastric cancer patients
VEGF-D is the only marker that can be regarded as an unfavorable prognostic indicator for patients with advanced gastric cancer
Summary
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide and is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths [1]. Every year about 930,000 new cases are diagnosed [2]. Men are twice as likely as women to fall ill with GC. Despite the development of laparoscopic surgery techniques and the marketing of cancer-targeted therapies, advanced gastric cancer carries a highly unfavorable prognosis [4]. Gastric cancer is not common in Poland. Morbidity from GC is in fifth place for men and in seventh place for women for all cancers, and it is decreasing. One of the most important prognostic indicators in gastric cancer is the presence of metastases in lymph nodes. Little is known about lymphangiogenesis in neoplastic tissue, and little is known about the transmission of a neoplastic cell from the tumor mass into a lymphatic vessel
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