Abstract
To secure a polio-free world, the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) will eventually need to be replaced with inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV). However, current IPV delivery is less suitable for campaign use than OPV, and more expensive. We are progressing a microarray patch delivery platform, the Nanopatch, as an easy-to-use device to administer vaccines, including IPV. The Nanopatch contains an ultra-high density array (10,000/cm2) of short (~230 μm) microprojections that delivers dry coated vaccine into the skin. Here, we compare the relative immunogenicity of Nanopatch immunisation versus intramuscular injection in rats, using monovalent and trivalent formulations of IPV. Nanopatch delivery elicits faster antibody response kinetics, with high titres of neutralising antibody after just one (IPV2) or two (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations, while IM injection requires two (IPV2) or three (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations to induce similar responses. Seroconversion to each poliovirus type was seen in 100% of rats that received ~1/40th of a human dose of IPV delivered by Nanopatch, but not in rats given ~1/8th or ~1/40th dose by IM injection. Ease of administration coupled with dose reduction observed in this study suggests the Nanopatch could facilitate inexpensive IPV vaccination in campaign settings.
Highlights
When the global poliovirus eradication effort began in 1988, poliovirus was endemic in over 125 countries causing >350,000 cases of paralysis each year
As inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is introduced to mass vaccination campaigns, the cost of the vaccine will be a major factor, with a single dose of IPV costing more than five times that of OPV8,9
In this study we have demonstrated that IPV of all three poliovirus serotypes can be formulated onto a single microarray patch (MAP) device, the Nanopatch, and elicit neutralising antibody responses to all three poliovirus strains in rats
Summary
When the global poliovirus eradication effort began in 1988, poliovirus was endemic in over 125 countries causing >350,000 cases of paralysis each year. After several rounds of replication in the gut, OPV can revert to a neurovirulent phenotype, which can be spread to naïve individuals in the community through faecal contamination These events can result in the circulation of vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV), which were responsible for 32 cases of poliovirus vaccine associated disease in 20151. As a result of these factors, there are several investigations are underway to make IPV more accessible, by reducing the cost of vaccination, through stretching the already constrained supply of IPV through dose-sparing and by increasing ease of administration[10,11] These dose sparing approaches include: use of adjuvants[12], ID injectors[13,14,15,16], jet injectors[17,18,19,20,21,22] and microarray patch (MAP) technologies[10,11]. The question of whether these benefits extend to trivalent poliovirus vaccine in the rat IPV immunogenicity model remains unanswered
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
