Abstract
HDL appear to exert protective effects on the arterial wall. Research has focused on several aspects of HDL. The interaction of HDL and its subclasses with cells and cell membranes, reverse cholesterol transport, and the signal transduction cascades evoked by HDL are under intensive investigation. This has already revealed important cellular mechanisms and improved the understanding of the vasoprotective effects of HDL. HDL and several proteins carried in specific HDL subclasses (for example, clusterin, apolipoprotein H, lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor) have been shown to modulate the immune system, complement system, and the clotting system. These studies will possibly help to further define the role of HDL in atherogenesis and thrombosis. The investigation of naturally occurring genetic variants affecting lipoprotein and HDL metabolism has provided insights into the relevance of specific apolipoproteins and enzymes in these processes. This has been complemented in recent years by the creation of transgenic animals. The use of transgenic animals has confirmed older hypotheses regarding the function of HDL but, as yet, has contributed few conceptually novel ideas.
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