High‐density impulse noise detection and removal using deep convolutional neural network with particle swarm optimisation

Abstract

Most of the impulse denoisers are either median filter-based or fuzzy filter-based, which can only perform well in low noise conditions. This study presents an efficient convolutional neural network (CNN) with particle swarm optimisation (PSO) model for high-density impulse noise removal. The proposed high-density impulse noise detection and removal model mainly consists of two parts: the impulse noise removal and impulse noisy pixel detection for restoration. The authors' model initially leverages the powerful ability of deep CNN architecture to separate noise from the noisy image, then adopts PSO to pinpoint the most optimised threshold values for detecting impulse noisy pixels. An ensemble of these algorithms is an intelligent and adaptive solution, producing a clean output while preserving significant pixel information. Targeting to solve high-density impulse noise problems, the authors have trained their model with a massive collection of natural images and 14 standard testing images are used for validation purposes. In order to validate the robustness of the proposed method, different levels of high-density impulse noise are considered. Based on the final denoised images, their model has proven its reliability, in terms of both visual quality and quantitative evaluation, on greyscale and colour images.