High-contrast infrared polymer photonic crystals fabricated by direct laser writing.

Abstract

One-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) were fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) direct laser writing using a single polymer to obtain reflectance values approaching that of a gold reference in the near-infrared (near-IR) spectral range. The PCs are composed of alternating compact and low-density polymer layers that provide the necessary periodic variation of the refractive index. The low-density polymer layers are composed of subwavelength-sized pillars which simultaneously serve as a scaffold while also providing refractive index contrast to the adjacent compact polymer layers. The Bruggemann effective medium theory and stratified-layer optical-model calculated reflectivity profiles were employed to optimize the PC's design to operate at a desired wavelength of 1.55μm. After the fabrication, the PC's structure was compared to the nominal geometry using complementary scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy micrographs identifying a true-to-form fabrication. The performance of the PCs was investigated experimentally using FTIR reflection and transmission measurements. A good agreement between stratified-layer optical-model calculated and measured data is observed. Therefore, we demonstrate the ease of predictive design and fabrication of highly efficient 1D PCs for the IR spectral range using 3D direct laser writing of a single polymer.