Abstract
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn has taxonomically been the only species of genus Synedrella, which spreads over many tropical countries. In spite of its wide range of distribution, the genus remains monospecific. This leads to assumption of the very low genetic diversity among S. nodiflora populations worldwide. It may also be the case in Java Island, though rapid changes in ecosystem condition occurs. Here we report our study on S. nodiflora population genetics in Java Island using intergenic spacer (IGS) atpB – rbcL as a molecular marker, since it has been well known as one of the most variable chloroplast genome regions in a wide range of plant species so far. As many as 58 individuals were collected randomly from ten different locations in the island. Based on IGS atpB – rbcL sequences of 860 bp length, only two haplotypes were observed. Both show only one polymorphic site (0.12%) and one transversion, where T is substituted by G at position 790, indicating that high connectivity among populations of S. nodiflora in Java Island is observed. This results in a low genetic differences among the populations, which at the same time provides a fact of nearly no variation among the IGS atpB – rbcL sequences.
Highlights
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn, which is a member of Asteraceae family, is a widely distributed tropical plant species having potentials as medicinal plant (Adjei et al, 2014; Amoateng et al, 2017; Amoateng et al, 2012; Bhogaonkar et al, 2011; Dutta, et al, 2012; Islam et al, 2013; Rathi & Gopalakrishnan, 2006), bioinsecticide (Belmain et al, 2001) and detoxificant for heavy metals such as Cu and Pb (Prekeyi & Oghenekevwe, 2007)
An intergenic spacer (IGS) atpB – rbcL partial sequence of 860bp length was obtained from 58 S. nodiflora individuals collected from ten different sites across Java Island showing only two haplotypes
This corresponds to both extremely low haplotype (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) values, i.e. 0.0345 + 0.0330 and 0.000040 + 0.000127 respectively. Both values prove that IGS atpB – rbcL of S. nodiflora shows considerably low level of genetic diversity
Summary
Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn, which is a member of Asteraceae family, is a widely distributed tropical plant species having potentials as medicinal plant (Adjei et al, 2014; Amoateng et al, 2017; Amoateng et al, 2012; Bhogaonkar et al, 2011; Dutta, et al, 2012; Islam et al, 2013; Rathi & Gopalakrishnan, 2006), bioinsecticide (Belmain et al, 2001) and detoxificant for heavy metals such as Cu and Pb (Prekeyi & Oghenekevwe, 2007). In every individual there can be 3,000 fertile seeds ready to germinate as they are not subjected to dormancy It can grow in a wide range of altitudes, from 0 to approximately 1,000 m above sea level (Dwiati et al, 2003), while its life cycle varies from 120 to 150 days (Souza Filho & Takaki, 2011). S. nodiflora is widely distributed in about 50 tropical countries (Chauhan & Johnson, 2009), it has taxonomically been the only species of genus Synedrella so far. It is slightly peculiar, since species with a wide range of distribution are usually exposed to different environmental circumstances that may cause phenotypic changes (Kollman & Banuelos, 2004). This can be either divergent or convergent development of species (Kieltyk & Mirek, 2014)
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