Abstract
BackgroundCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of opportunistic pathogens, which are widely spread in the environment. Animal breeding is an important source of pathogen spreading. However, the concentration and characteristics of CoNS in the bioaerosols of henhouses are unclear.ResultsIn this study, we showed that CoNS were significantly increased in bioaerosols of henhouses during the first 60 days, and reached 2.0 × 106 CFU/m3, which account for 75.4% of total bacteria. One hundred and two CoNS isolates from bioaerosols and nasal swabs of farmers were further identified, covering seven species. Among these, 41.2% isolates were Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the predominant species, followed by S. equorum, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, S. xylosus, S. arlettae and S. gallinarum. There were high rates of resistance to oxacillin in CoNS (49.0%), which were defined as Methicillin-Resistant CoNS (MRCoNS), and 36.3% isolates contained resistance gene mecA. Bioaerosol infection models showed that, chickens exposed to aerosolized S. sciuri had significant induction of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 at 5 days post-infection (dpi) in lungs and at 7 dpi in spleens.ConclusionsWe reported a high concentration of CoNS in henhouses, and S. sciuri was the preponderant CoNS species. Antibiotic resistance analysis and bioaerosols infection of CoNS further highlighted its hazards on resistance and immunological challenge. These results suggested that, CoNS in bioaerosols could be one serious factor in the henhouses for not only poultry industry but also public health.
Highlights
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of opportunistic pathogens, which are widely spread in the environment
CoNS exist in the places where antibiotics are widely used, such as hospitals and animal farms [13, 14], which accelerate the spread of resistance genes
As a widespread bacterium in the environment, CoNS has been considered as a reservoir of resistance genes, which highlights its threat to public health
Summary
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of opportunistic pathogens, which are widely spread in the environment. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of opportunistic pathogens, which are in animals and humans and widely spread in the environment, such as dust, soil, water and air [1,2,3]. CoNS can cause human and animal infections. CoNS are associated with endocarditis, septicemia and blood stream infection, and they have become one of the most important sources of hospital infection [4, 5]. CoNS exist in the places where antibiotics are widely used, such as hospitals and animal farms [13, 14], which accelerate the spread of resistance genes. As a widespread bacterium in the environment, CoNS has been considered as a reservoir of resistance genes, which highlights its threat to public health
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