Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of interstitial pneumonia. Lung cancer, mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is also an independent risk factor of lung cancer. Some studies have shown that the complement system can promote the progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, C1q has also demonstrated to exert a tumor-promoting effect in many tumors. However, the role of C1q in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer still remain unclear.MethodsWe selected common differentially expressed genes in IPF and non-small cell lung cancer using datasets from GEO, and investigated common hub gene. The hub genes were validated in IPF by establishing mouse model of IPF and using another four datasets from the GEO. Multiple databases were analyzed including those of Kaplan–Meier Plotter, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER2.0) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for NSCLC.ResultsIn this study, 37 common DEGs were identified in IPF and NSCLC including 32 up-regulated genes and 5 down-regulated genes, and C1q was identified as common hub gene. The methylation status of C1q decreased and the expression levels of C1q increased in both lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and IPF patients with high levels of C1q is poor.ConclusionsThese results show that C1q participates in pulmonary fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer, and may be a potential diagnostic / prognostic biomarker or a therapeutic target.
Highlights
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of interstitial pneumonia
The results showed that genes of the cellular component of this module were mainly enriched in the extracellular region and the molecular function mainly enriched in protein homodimerization activity
Validation of C1q in IPF and lung cancer As C1q ranked high among differentially expressed genes (Table S3), we focused on the role of C1q in IPF and Lung cancer (LC)
Summary
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of interstitial pneumonia. Some studies have shown that the complement system can promote the progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The role of C1q in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer still remain unclear. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of interstitial pneumonia [1]. It is a fatal, invariably progressive disease. C1q protein was first identified in 1961 and was described as a “11s thermolabile serum protein” that participated in immune hemolysis [6] It is the first subcomponent of the C1 complex, which activates the classical pathway of the complement [7]. The role of C1q in IPF and LC has not been fully explored
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