Abstract
Abstract The magnetic properties of permanent magnets are sensitive to their microstructure. In particular, for the family of Nd(Pr)-Fe-B magnets a very different coercivity and energy products may be obtained by several processing techniques. It was experimentally found that a small excess of Nd over the exact phase composition of Nd2Fe14B plays an important role in obtaining high-energy products during the die-upset processing of the anisotropic hard magnets. However the specific role of the Nd excess on both magnetic structure and microstructure of these die-upset magnets is unclear and controversial. Answers to these questions may help to correctly address some major issues in materials science, e.g. how microstructure is related to magnetic structure of hard magnets, and how to optimize the performance of hard magnets. In-situ TEM magnetizing experiments combined with Lorentz magnetic microscopy in Fresnel-Foucault modes were used to characterize the magnetic structure of die-upset, high energy-product hard magnets Nd13.75Fe80.25B6 and Pr13.75Fe80.25B6.
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