High central venous pressure is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and increased mortality after lung transplantation

Abstract

Poor oxygenation might occur in transplanted lungs as a result of reperfusion injury and lack of lymphatic drainage. Low central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures are advocated to reduce pulmonary edema and maximize oxygenation but might adversely affect cardiac index, circulation, and renal function. Histories, intensive care unit charts, and donor data on 118 lung transplantations performed between 1999 and 2002 were retrospectively assessed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on donor, recipient, operative, and intensive care unit parameters to determine the relationship of filling pressure (central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures) to prolonged mechanical ventilation and outcome. The mean central venous pressure was used to divide patients into high and low central venous pressure groups, which were then compared to determine differences in outcome and complication rates. A high central venous pressure was found to be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.20; P = .008). After removing the effect of poor myocardial function by excluding patients with low cardiac index (< 2.2 L x min -1 x m(-2) ) and high inotrope requirement (> 10 microg/min), central venous pressure remained associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-4.07; P = .004). Duration of ventilation (P < .001), intensive care unit mortality (P = .02), hospital mortality (P = .09), and 2-month mortality (P = .02) were higher in patients with central venous pressures of greater than 7 mm Hg. There was no evidence of complications caused by hypovolemia in the low (< or = 7 mm Hg) central venous pressure group, who had lower inotrope requirements (P = .02) and lower creatinine levels (P = .013). Conclusions A high central venous pressure was associated with adverse outcomes after lung transplantation.