High Cell-Free DNA Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid Predict Leptomeningeal Seeding of Hematologic Malignancy.

Abstract

Background and PurposeThe main difficulty when diagnosing leptomeningeal metastases (LMSs) is the low sensitivity of cytology. Cancer cells release cell-free DNA (cfDNA) during proliferation and apoptosis, and so we analyzed the cfDNA level as a biomarker for LMSs in hematologic malignancy.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled 20 patients with hematologic malignancy who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. LMS was diagnosed based on both CSF cytology and clinical findings.ResultsThe CSF level of cfDNA was higher in patients with LMSs (108.17±84.84 ng/mL, mean±standard deviation) than in non-LMS patients (14.23±2.78 ng/mL). The sensitivity of cfDNA was higher than that of cytology (100% vs. 87%).ConclusionsThe cfDNA level in the CSF can be used as a supplemental marker for diagnosing LMS in hematologic malignancy patients.