Abstract
Reliable biological markers that predict breast cancer (BC) outcomes after multidisciplinary therapy have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the association between casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) and the risk of recurrence in patients with BC. Using 168 available tumor samples from patients with BC treated with surgery +/- chemo(radio)therapy, we scored the CK1ε expression as high (≥ 1.5) or low (<1.5) using an immunohistochemical method. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the risk of relapse, and Cox proportional hazards analyses were utilized to evaluate the effect of CK1ε expression on this risk. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years (range 35-96). A total of 58% of the patients underwent breast conservation surgery, while 42% underwent mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were administered in 101 (60%) and 137 cases (82%), respectively. Relapse was observed in 24 patients (14%). Multivariate analysis found high expression of CK1ε to be associated with a statistically significant higher disease-free survival (DFS) in BC patients with wild-type p53 (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12-0.91; P = 0.018) or poor histological differentiation ([HR] = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.12-0.94; P = 0.039) or in those without adjuvant chemotherapy ([HR] = 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.97; P = 0.006). Our data indicate that CK1ε expression is associated with DFS in BC patients with wild-type p53 or poor histological differentiation or in those without adjuvant chemotherapy and thus may serve as a predictor of recurrence in these subsets of patients.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, responsible for approximately 3% of deaths
Our study demonstrates that some subsets of breast cancer (BC)
0.15-1.01 0.051 patients with high CK1ε expression levels have a lower risk of relapse andhigher diseasefree survival (DFS)
Summary
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, responsible for approximately 3% of deaths. Patients who have no detectable cancer after surgery are often given adjuvant therapy to help prevent the cancer from relapsing. In the setting of multidisciplinary therapies for breast cancer (BC), relapses are a severe event, leading www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget to hospitalizations, second surgeries, or the initiation of systemic treatments affecting the survival outcome. Both systemic therapy, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted therapy, and radiation can be used as adjuvant therapy. How much the patient might benefit depends on the stage and characteristics of the cancer and the type of surgery. A review of 119 BC patients receiving trastuzumab for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)positive metastatic disease, indicated that those receiving taxanes with trastuzumab had a median overall survival that was significantly longer compared to other first-line partners [2]
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