Abstract
The popularity of cloud computing has impelled more users to upload personal data into the cloud server. The need for secure transmission and privacy protection has become a new challenge and has attracted considerable attention. In this paper, we propose a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images (RDHEI) that compresses prediction errors in usable blocks of block-based encrypted images. On the content owner side, the original image is divided into 2 × 2 sized blocks, and each block is encrypted by block-based modulation. On the data hider side, an efficient block-based predictor is utilized to generate prediction errors. The Huffman coding technique is introduced to compress prediction errors in the usable blocks to embed abundant additional data. On the receiver side, the additional data can be totally extracted with a data hiding key and the original image can be losslessly recovered with an image encryption key. Experimental results demonstrate that the embedding rate of our proposed scheme is significantly improved compared to those of state-of-the-art schemes.
Highlights
With the rapid development of 5G techniques and cloud services, users can download and upload data through high-speed communication networks and process data via cloud computing
Reversible data hiding (RDH) can embed some sensitive messages into digital images and almost preserve the same image appearance so that the embedded data is imperceptible for unauthorized users [1]
Reversible data hiding techniques have been widely used in image retrieval, image forensics, and copyright watermarking, and some famous schemes have been proposed, such as difference expansion [2, 3], histogram shifting [4, 5], PVO [6, 7], PEE [8, 9], and even some deep learning schemes [10, 11]
Summary
E popularity of cloud computing has impelled more users to upload personal data into the cloud server. e need for secure transmission and privacy protection has become a new challenge and has attracted considerable attention. We propose a high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted images (RDHEI) that compresses prediction errors in usable blocks of block-based encrypted images. On the content owner side, the original image is divided into 2 × 2 sized blocks, and each block is encrypted by block-based modulation. On the data hider side, an efficient block-based predictor is utilized to generate prediction errors. E Huffman coding technique is introduced to compress prediction errors in the usable blocks to embed abundant additional data. The additional data can be totally extracted with a data hiding key and the original image can be losslessly recovered with an image encryption key. Experimental results demonstrate that the embedding rate of our proposed scheme is significantly improved compared to those of state-of-the-art schemes
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