High body mass index is associated with increased risk of treatment failure and surgery in biologic-treated patients with ulcerative colitis.

Abstract

Though pharmacokinetic studies suggest accelerated biologic drug clearance with increasing body weight, evidence of obesity's impact on clinical outcomes in biologic-treated patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is inconsistent. To evaluate the impact of obesity on real world response to biological therapy in patients with UC. In a single-centre retrospective cohort study between 2011-2016 of biologic-treated patients with UC, we evaluated treatment response by baseline body mass index (BMI). Primary outcome was treatment failure (composite outcome of IBD-related surgery/hospitalisation or treatment modification including dose escalation, treatment discontinuation or addition of corticosteroids); secondary outcomes were risk of IBD-related surgery/hospitalisation and endoscopic remission. We conducted multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses to evaluate the independent impact of BMI on clinical outcomes. Stratified analysis by weight-based regimens (infliximab) or fixed-dose regimens (adalimumab, golimumab, vedolizumab, certolizumab pegol) was performed. We included 160 biologic-treated UC patients (50% males, 55% on infliximab) with median (IQR) age 36y (26-52) and BMI 24.3kg/m2 (21.4-28.7). On multivariate analysis, each 1kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with 4% increase in the risk of treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00-1.08]) and 8% increase in the risk of surgery/hospitalisation (aHR, 1.08 [1.02-1.14]). The effect on treatment failure was seen in patients on weight-based dosing regimens or fixed-dose therapies. BMI is independently associated with increased risk of treatment failure in biologic-treated patients with UC, independent of dosing regimen.