High Body Mass Index and Central Adiposity Is Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundHigher body mass index and waist circumference have been associated with increased risk of pancreatitis in several prospective studies; however, the results have not been entirely consistent.AimsWe conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies on adiposity and risk of pancreatitis to clarify this association.MethodsPubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies on adiposity and pancreatitis up to January 27, 2020. Prospective studies reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between adiposity and risk of pancreatitis were included, and summary RRs (95% CIs) were calculated using a random effects model.ResultsTen prospective studies with 5129 cases and 1,693,657 participants were included. The summary RR (95% CI) of acute pancreatitis was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03–1.35, I2 = 91%, n = 10 studies) per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29–1.43, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cm increase in waist circumference. There was evidence of a nonlinear association between BMI and acute pancreatitis, pnonlinearity < 0.0001, with a steeper association at higher levels of BMI, but not for waist circumference, pnonlinearity = 0.19. Comparing a BMI of 35 with a BMI of 22, there was a 58% increase in the RR and there was a fourfold increase in the RR comparing a waist circumference of 110 cm with 69 cm. There was no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that both increasing BMI and waist circumference are associated with a dose-response-related increase in the risk of acute pancreatitis.