Abstract
We propose a novel design of highly birefringent optical fiber composed of a central elliptical air hole, a circumferential elliptical ring core, and a circular cladding. The proposed waveguide structure is predicted to produce a linear birefringence higher by an order of magnitude than the solid elliptical core fiber. The large index contrast between the central air and germanosilica elliptical ring core is mainly attributed to the high birefringence and its characteristics are theoretically analyzed in terms of its waveguide parameters.
Highlights
High birefringence fibers (Hi-Bi fiber) or polarization maintaining fibers (PMF) have been widely used for polarization control in fiber-optic sensors, precision optical instruments, and optical communication systems [1,2]
We propose a novel design of highly birefringent fiber by introducing an elliptical air hole and concentric circumferential elliptical ring core
Birefringence in this proposed E-hollow optical fiber (HOF) can be further enhanced by maximizing the polarization dependent disparity in the electric field intensity distribution around the air-core interface, which is achieved by optimizing waveguide parameters such as the core-cladding index difference, ellipticity, and hole size
Summary
High birefringence fibers (Hi-Bi fiber) or polarization maintaining fibers (PMF) have been widely used for polarization control in fiber-optic sensors, precision optical instruments, and optical communication systems [1,2]. The high index difference between the core and cladding imposes significant limitations on the overlap between the signal and pump It is, highly desirable to generate a large birefringence with a low scattering loss, usually associated with the core refractive index, yet without significant perturbations in the cladding modes to cope with recent challenges and demands in fiber optic polarization control. A new type of optical fiber, hollow optical fiber (HOF), with a triple layered structure, a central air hole, germanosilica ring core, and silica cladding has been proposed for versatile photonic device applications [7,8,9]. Since SAP was not introduced, the proposed fiber does not disturb the cladding modes in CPFLs. The fiber could, serve as an ideal PMF with a high birefringence and low loss for PMD compensation as well as polarization maintaining CPFL cavity. In this paper the origin of the birefringence is discussed and its dependence on the structural parameters is analyzed in the proposed elliptical hollow optical fiber (E-HOF), for the first time to the best knowledge of the authors
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