Abstract
The brachial artery is the main artery of the arm and constitutes the continuation of the axillary artery. It gives off two terminal branches, the radial and ulnar arteries. According to the literature, the brachial artery might present a deviation from the normal pattern in 20% of the cases. High bifurcation of the artery seems to be the most common variation and may result in a series of complications during surgery and interventional radiology. An embryological overview is necessary for a better understanding of this variant. The brachial artery is being developed during embryonic life by the main trunk of the axis artery. The superficial brachial artery is also an important stable fetal vessel for normal arterial morphogenesis of the upper limb.
Highlights
BackgroundUpper limb arterial variations are often encountered, either in routine autopsies or during daily clinical practice
The brachial artery (BA) might present a deviation from the normal anatomy pattern in 20% of the cases
Recent studies demonstrated that an high bifurcation of the brachial artery" (HBBA) presents various incidences among sexes and racial groups [9]
Summary
Upper limb arterial variations are often encountered, either in routine autopsies or during daily clinical practice. The superficial brachial artery (SBA) is a stable fetal vessel that plays an important role in the normal arterial morphogenesis of the upper limb It has two final branches, a medium, which is the superficial artery of the forearm, and a collateral one, which continues in the forearm as part of the RA (Figure 1). In 2019, emphasized the importance of angioblasts in the vascular pathway and highlighted their role along with variable developmental hemodynamics in the emergence of unusual arterial patterns [17] Abnormalities in this process of morphogenesis during the embryological life of the human embryo may result in a series of variations both concerning the origin and the course of the vessels of the upper limb [1819]. The abnormal arterial pattern of the upper arm, such as HBBA, might complicate surgical procedures such as distal biceps tendon repair [23]
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