Abstract
The present study compared the effects of three rice cultivars on postprandial glycemic control and appetite. A single-blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial was performed with 18 healthy subjects, nine males and nine females. Three treatments were administered at three separate study visits: commercially available conventional white rice (short grain), specialty high amylose white rice 1 (Dixiebelle), and specialty high amylose white rice 2 (Rondo). Postprandial capillary blood glucose, venous blood glucose and insulin measurements, and appetite visual analog scale (VAS) surveys were done over the course of two hours. The capillary blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower for Rondo compared to short grain rice at 30 min, and for Dixiebelle and Rondo compared to short grain rice at 45, 60, and 120 min. Capillary blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lower for Dixiebelle and Rondo compared to short grain rice. Subjects were significantly more hungry at 30 min after Dixiebelle intake than Rondo intake, but there were no other significant effects in appetite ratings. The present study determined that intake of high amylose rice with resistant starch (RS) can attenuate postprandial blood glucose and insulin response in comparison to short grain rice.
Highlights
IntroductionRice consumption in the United States has increased in recent decades from 27% of adults reporting consumption of >1/4 oz of rice per day (NHANES 1999–2004) [1] to 84% of adults
Rice consumption in the United States has increased in recent decades from 27% of adults reporting consumption of >1/4 oz of rice per day (NHANES 1999–2004) [1] to 84% of adults (NHANES2005–2010) [2]; daily intake is still relatively low, with 59% of adults consuming 0.25 to0.5 oz equivalents of rice per day (NHANES 2005–2010)
The objective of this randomized, single-blind, crossover clinical trial study was to investigate the effects of white rice of two cultivars having high resistant starch (RS) on postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and appetite in healthy adults, compared to a control short-grain conventional white rice
Summary
Rice consumption in the United States has increased in recent decades from 27% of adults reporting consumption of >1/4 oz of rice per day (NHANES 1999–2004) [1] to 84% of adults Amylose content of rice affects glycemic response due to the tendency of amylose to retain its crystalline structure after cooking This reduces enzyme accessibility, and results in greater proportions of slowly-digestible starch and resistant starch (RS). Rice with high RS content has the potential to exhibit the beneficial physiological effects associated with RS intake This is of particular interest, as rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are increasing worldwide. Further research is necessary to understand the variations in health outcome within a single type of food, for example, rice The objective of this randomized, single-blind, crossover clinical trial study was to investigate the effects of white (milled) rice of two cultivars having high RS on postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and appetite in healthy adults, compared to a control short-grain conventional white rice. It was hypothesized that high RS rice consumption would result in lower blood glucose and insulin concentrations and would be more satiating, compared to the control rice
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