High affinity receptor for IgE stimulation activates protein kinase D augmenting activator protein-1 activity for cytokine producing in mast cells

Abstract

Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine–threonine kinase involved in the activation of a variety of cells. In mast cells, activation of PKD by cross-linking of high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) has been reported, but little is known for its effects on cytokine production. We investigated the roles of PKD on FcεRI-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation and proinflammatory cytokine productions in mast cells. Pharmacological inhibition of PKD strongly inhibited production of interleukin (IL)-13 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by FcεRI stimulation, and the overexpression of PKD significantly increased the IL-13 and TNF-α production. Reporter assay revealed that the overexpression of PKD enhanced FcεRI-induced IL-13 promoter activation, and that the 5′-flanking region of IL-13 gene from positions − 110 to − 52 was under the regulation of PKD. The overexpression of PKD enhanced the induction of AP-1 luciferase activity by FcεRI stimulation, while it had no effect on luciferase activities dependent upon NF-κB and NF-AT activated by FcεRI stimulation. In EMSA, c-Jun and c-Fos appear to be the major components of AP-1 complexes activated by FcεRI stimulation. Moreover the overexpression of PKD strongly enhanced the phosphorylation of both c-Jun and c-Fos following FcεRI stimulation. Although stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is known to be an important regulator for c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation, overexpression and inhibition of PKD had no effects on JNK phosphorylation. These results suggest that PKD may play a pivotal role in FcεRI-induced cytokine production in mast cells through the activation of c-Jun, c-Fos, and AP-1.