Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive health issue and influences an increasingly larger number of people, especially at older ages, affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Alpha-synuclein is a biomarker closely correlated with the CNS and PD. The loss of neuronal cells in the substantia nigra leads to the aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies, and Lewy neuritis is a neuropathological hallmark. The therapeutic approach of PD focuses on alpha-synuclein as an important substrate of PD pathology. So far, research has focused on antialpha-synuclein to minimize the burden of extracellular alpha-synuclein in the brain, and as a consequence, it ameliorates inflammation. Interdigitated electrode (IDE) biosensors are efficient tools for detecting various analytes and were chosen in this study to detect alpha-synuclein on amine-modified surfaces by using antiaptamer-alpha-synuclein as the probe. In addition, a gold nanoparticle-conjugated aptamer was used to enhance the detection limit. The limit of detection for the binding between alpha-synuclein and aptamer was found to be 10 pM. Control experiments were performed with two closely related proteins, amyloid-beta and tau, to reveal the specificity; the results show that the aptamer only recognized alpha-synuclein. The proposed strategy helps to identify the binding of aptamer and alpha-synuclein and provides a possible method to lower alpha-synuclein levels and inflammation in PD patients.
Highlights
Neurogenerative disorders lead to neuron complications, and the causative illnesses are Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases
A protein aggregation process, called seeded aggregation, produces the protofibril, which can reach neighboring cells through a mechanism known as transcellular propagation [7, 8]. e proper diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is mandatory to provide patients with appropriate treatment and to improve the quality of their everyday life [1, 9]
PD is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly affects the daily activity of elderly people
Summary
Neurogenerative disorders lead to neuron complications, and the causative illnesses are Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects the central nervous system by acting primarily on the cells in the substantia nigra [1, 2]. Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic neuronal protein linked genetically and neuropathologically to PD, and it contributes to pathogenesis in different ways [5, 6]. It has been thought that an aberrant soluble oligomeric conformation of alpha-synuclein, called “protofibril,” could mediate the disruption of cellular homeostasis, causing neuronal death. Passive immunization through the administration of antibodies generated against alpha-synuclein is one of the most promising ways to achieve this potential goal [10].
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