Abstract
The article shows that noncontact measurement techniques can be an important support to X-ray-based methods when examining the surface condition of modern circulated coins. The forms and degrees of wear of such coins, affecting their utility values, qualifying them as a legal tender in a given country, can be measured and analyzed, among other things, using advanced high-accuracy optical profilometry methods. The authors presented four analyses carried out for reverses and obverses of round coins (1 zloty, 1 franc, 50 bani, 5 pens) characterized by different degrees of surface wear. All of the coins were measured using 3D optical profilometers (Talysurf CLI 2000 and S neox) representing two generations of these types of systems. The obtained results confirm the validity of the applied high-accuracy measurement systems in conjunction with dedicated software in the presented applications. Examples of the analyses carried out can be a significant source of information on the condition of coins in the context of maintaining their functional properties (selection of appropriate wear–resistant alloys and correctness of the production process).
Highlights
Coins, as cash marks bearing the issuers’ marks and used as legal tenders in countries, have long been an interesting and intriguing object of scientific research
The SensoSCAN 2.0 software provided the correct course of the measurement process, whereas SensoMAP Premium software using Mountains Technology® (Digital Surf, Besançon, France) was used for advanced analysis and visualization of the surface microtopography
This article was an attempt to familiarize the readers with issues related to the analysis of circulation coins in the context of observation, visualization, and measurement of various forms of wear occurring on their surfaces
Summary
As cash marks bearing the issuers’ marks and used as legal tenders in countries, have long been an interesting and intriguing object of scientific research. A multitude of these methods and their variations, metrological characteristics, and specificity of application (not every technique is appropriate for the assessment of a given coin or group of coins) allow for the perception of the complexity of carried-out analyses and the real difficulty of assessing ancient coins. This is confirmed by numerous scientific papers from this research area published over the last several years. A representative review of the above X-ray-based methods and their application with adequate references are given in Table 1, and in Figure 1, the selected X-ray- and optical-based experimental setups carrying out the ancient coin analyses are presented
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