Abstract
The discovery and study of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider of CERN has proven the validity of the Brout–Englert–Higgs mechanism of mass creation in the standard model via spontaneous symmetry breaking. The new results obtained by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the LHC show that all measured cross-sections agree within uncertainties with the predictions of the theory. However, the standard model has obvious difficulties (nonzero neutrino masses, hierarchy problem, existence of dark matter, non-existence of antimatter galaxies, etc.), which point towards more possible violated symmetries. We first summarize the present status of the studies of the Higgs boson, including the latest results at 13 TeV p-p collision energy, then enlist some of the problems with possible solutions and the experimental situation regarding them.
Highlights
The theory behind particle physics, called for historic reasons the standard model (SM), is based on local gauge symmetries In certain cases, broken symmetries were introduced in order to explain the fundamental experimental observations, the most important ones being parity violation and the
Left-handed currents could take care of parity violation observed in weak interactions, and using the being parity violation and theBrout–Englert–Higgs (BEH) mechanism, the standard model could account for the masses of the elementary fermions and bosons
Numerous extensions for the standard model were proposed to solve those, the most popular one being supersymmetry, a broken fermion-boson symmetry. It helps to interpret the dark matter of cosmology within particle physics and to solve the hierarchy problem, the quadratic divergence of the calculated mass of the Higgs boson in the standard model
Summary
The theory behind particle physics, called for historic reasons the standard model (SM), is based on local gauge symmetries In certain cases, broken symmetries were introduced in order to explain the fundamental experimental observations, the most important ones being parity violation and the. Left-handed currents could take care of parity violation observed in weak interactions, and using the BEH mechanism, the standard model could account for the masses of the elementary fermions and bosons. Numerous extensions for the standard model were proposed to solve those, the most popular one being supersymmetry, a broken fermion-boson symmetry. It helps to interpret the dark matter of cosmology within particle physics and to solve the hierarchy problem, the quadratic divergence of the calculated mass of the Higgs boson in the standard model. We shall try to summarize these concepts and the corresponding experimental evidence in high-energy physics
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