Abstract
As lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials, porous carbons with high specific surface area are highly required because they can well accommodate huge volume expansion/contraction during cycling. In this work, hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) with high specific surface area (~1714.83 m2 g−1) is synthesized from biomass reed flowers. The material presents good cycling stability as an LIB anode, delivering an excellent reversible capacity of 581.2 mAh g−1 after cycling for 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and still remains a reversible capacity of 298.5 mAh g−1 after cycling for 1000 cycles even at 1000 mA g−1. The good electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the high specific surface area of the HPC network, which provides rich and fast paths for electron and ion transfer and provides large contact area and mutual interactions between the electrolyte and active materials. The work proposes a new route for the preparation of low cost carbon-based anodes and may promote the development of other porous carbon materials derived from various biomass carbon sources.
Highlights
With the excessive consumption of nonrenewable resources, the energy crisis spreads around the world
Many biomasses such as walnut shell, duckweed, coir pith, and bean-dreg [26,27,28] are developed into porous carbon materials
The broad peak at 26° is ascribed to the (002) crystal plane of graphite (JCPDS No 656212), while the peak around 44° relates to the (100) crystal plane of sp2-hybridized carbon [35,36,37]. These results demonstrate that the as-prepared hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) possess a graphitic structure [38,39,40]
Summary
With the excessive consumption of nonrenewable resources, the energy crisis spreads around the world. Porous carbon materials with plenty of network structure can provide short diffusion pathways for ion and electron transport and large active regions for electrochemical reactions [20,21,22,23]. In this situation, the preparation methods of porous carbon materials were studied by scientists from all over the world with great enthusiasm. The synthesis methods towards porous carbon derived from different biomass materials have been developed successfully Many biomasses such as walnut shell, duckweed, coir pith, and bean-dreg [26,27,28] are developed into porous carbon materials. It is difficult to collect some biomass materials in a relatively concentrated region, which limits the mass production of biomass carbon materials
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