Abstract
Hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with a large yield were fabricated by a simple thermal evaporation method. For the first time, novel ZnO flowers were observed blooming at certain sites of a variety of spines, identified as Zn-terminated polar (0001) planes or tips. The spines for as-synthesized hierarchical structures can be nanowires, nanobelts, nanodendrites, nanobrushes, etc. This growth phenomenon determines the key role of polar sites in the fabrication of hierarchical structures. The spiral feature of ZnO flowers indicates an unusual screw dislocation driven growth mechanism, which is attributed to a high concentration of Zn vapor.
Highlights
Hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with a large yield were fabricated by a simple thermal evaporation method
This paper reports for the first time, that the high-yielding synthesis of hierarchical structures of ZnO flowers bloomed on several kinds of spines
The electron beam was focused on the edge of the flower in Fig. 2b for the convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) analysis to study the polar surface orientation of ZnO flowers
Summary
Hierarchical ZnO nanostructures with a large yield were fabricated by a simple thermal evaporation method. Novel ZnO flowers were observed blooming at certain sites of a variety of spines, identified as Zn-terminated polar (0001) planes or tips. The spines for as-synthesized hierarchical structures can be nanowires, nanobelts, nanodendrites, nanobrushes, etc This growth phenomenon determines the key role of polar sites in the fabrication of hierarchical structures. A lot of branch morphologies such as nanorods, nanoribbons[14], nanonails, nanoplates[15], lotiform-like nanostructures, etc.[16] have been reported These branches can be totally attributed to the growth parallel or perpendicular to the [0001] direction while the flower-like branches with petals grow from other directions were rarely described. This paper reports for the first time, that the high-yielding synthesis of hierarchical structures of ZnO flowers bloomed on several kinds of spines. The process of formation and the mechanism, of the hierarchical structures, were investigated on the basis of structural information provided by electron microscopy analysis, and morphology analysis utilizing the law of constancy of interfacial angles
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