Abstract
High-performance reinforcement together with advanced innovative structure design has been attracting much attention as a means of circumventing the conflict between toughness and hardness or strength of ceramic matrix. Herein, we developed the laminated tungsten carbide (WC) matrix composite reinforced by hybrid one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and SiC nanowire (SiCnw) as well as two-dimensional (2D) graphene (G), with a striking combination of high hardness (25.3 GPa), high fracture toughness (13.7 MPa m1/2), and high strength (1,501.7 MPa), exhibiting superiority in mechanical properties compared with most WC-based materials, such as WC-metal, WC-intermetallic, WC-carbide, WC-oxide, WC-nitride, WC-whisker, WC-CNT, and WC-graphene. The optimum structure was determined as laminate of five symmetrical layers with thickness ratio of golden ratio squared. In addition, the three-dimensional (3D) hybrid G/CNT/SiCnw demonstrated a strong hierarchical lamellar interconnected structure, in which CNT and SiCnw were well sandwiched between G sheets, synergistically facilitating the enhancement in the mechanical properties of the host matrix. This present investigation shows promising future in achieving state-of-the-art multiscale ceramic composites for safety-critical applications as in the transportation and aerospace.
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