Abstract
Synthesis, characterization and application of hierarchical zeolites are becoming a subject of an increasing interest among scientists and researchers. Hierarchical structures incorporating zeolites possess secondary porosity at meso- and macrolevel to overcome problem of mass transport, which occurs with using conventional zeolites.
 In this study, the porous carbon surface was prepared by carbonization of the locally available agricultural waste of the Iraqi Nut shell (NS) using a carbonization method in a tubular furnace at 900ËšC for two hours. Hierarchicalpours structures including zeolite were prepared by the mechanical activation of the carbon surface using ultrasonication with a nanoparticles suspension of ground commercial zeolite type 4A. Zeolite was milled using 0.3-0.4 mm diameter glass balls as grinding media to prepare nanoparticles seeding, which increases the crystallization of the amorphous aluminosilica gel on the modified carbon surface during the hydrothermal method. The Product of the syntheses of zeolite 4A and the hierarchal composite material were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Nitrogen-Adsorption /desorption isotherms (BET), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to determine the structure, morphology, surface area, chemical composition, and percentage weight of zeolite on carbon, respectively. The products were applied to remove the radioactive hazardous cesium isotope Cs137 from the radioactive wastewater provided by the destroyed building of Radiochemistry laboratories (RCL) in AL-Tuwaitha Nuclear Site. Gamma spectroscopy system with high purity germanium detector (HPGe) was used to measure the activity concentration for the contamination water before and after the treatment. The results showed that the activity concentration decreased from 4800 Bq/L to 186Bq/L and 100Bq/L using pure zeolite 4A and NSZ.respectively. The results also showed that the composite materials could be used effectively to remove radioactive 137Cs from a real wastewater, with ease of separation and recovery from the solution compared with the pure zeolite 4A.
Highlights
During the past several years, different types of hierarchal structured zeolitec materials have been synthesized due to their highly attractive properties, including high mass transfer, low-pressure drop, and high surface area [1].Zeolites are nonporous, crystalline materials that have been widely used in many fields, such as detergence, petroleum industry, wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical and environmental protection [2].Zeolite materials are found in nature and they can be synthesized in the laboratory
The x-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared zeolite and composite materials are shown in Figure1, where the pattern shows the plot of the x-ray intensity diffraction from the sample versus thediffraction angle (Brage) 2Ɵ
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX) technique was used for pure zeolite 4A and hierarchal composite samples to evaluate the ratio between silicon and aluminum
Summary
During the past several years, different types of hierarchal structured zeolitec materials have been synthesized due to their highly attractive properties, including high mass transfer, low-pressure drop, and high surface area [1].Zeolites are nonporous, crystalline materials that have been widely used in many fields, such as detergence, petroleum industry, wastewater treatment, pharmaceutical and environmental protection [2].Zeolite materials are found in nature and they can be synthesized in the laboratory. ) والسؽاد ال ُدمسية الست اركبة السحزرة4A( تػ تذخيص الزيؽلايت السحزر.ميكانيكياً أثشاء طريقة اليايدروثيرمل ) لمتحقق مؼ البشية البمؽرية وىيئة الدطح والسداحةXRD,SEM,BET,EDX and TGA( باستخدام تػ تطبيق ىذه الت اركيب.الدطحيو والتركيب الكيسيائي وندبة الزيؽلايت السحسل سطح الكربؽن عمى التؽالي مؼ السياه السمؽثة اشعاعيا والتي تػ جمبيا مؼ بشاية مختب ارت الكيسياءCs137 لإ ازلة نعير الديزيؽم السذع Novel structures consisting of carbon coupled with Linda type 4A zeolite were synthesized to enhance mass transfer and increase surface area.
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