Hierarchical Structure and Magnetic Behavior of Zn-Doped Magnetite Aqueous Ferrofluids Prepared from Natural Sand for Antibacterial Agents.

Ahmad Taufiq,Sunaryono Sunaryono,Nurul Hidayat,Rosy E Saputro,Hendra Susanto,Defi Yuliantika,Siriwat Soontaranon,Nandang Mufti,Hadi Nur

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200774

Abstract

This study performs natural sand-based synthesis using the sonochemical route for preparing Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were dispersed in water as a carrier liquid to form Zn-doped magnetite aqueous ferrofluids. Structural data analysis indicated that the Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles formed a nanosized spinel structure. With an increase in the Zn content, the lattice parameters of the Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles tended to increase because Zn2+ has a larger ionic radius than those of Fe3+ and Fe2+. The existence of Zn-O and Fe-O functional groups in tetrahedral and octahedral sites were observed in the wavenumber range of 400-700 cm-1. The primary particles of the Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids tended to construct chain-like structures with fractal dimensions of 1.2-1.9. The gas-like compression (GMC) plays as a better model than the Langevin theory to fit the saturation magnetization of the ferrofluids. The ferrofluids exhibited a superparamagnetic character, with their magnetization was contributed by aggregation. The Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. It is suggested that the presence of the negatively charged surface and the nanoparticle size may contribute to the high antibacterial activity of Zn-doped magnetite ferrofluids and making them potentially suitable for advanced biomedical.

Highlights

Nanomaterials in the range 1–100 nm have become essential owing to their increased surface-to-volume ratio
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the prepared Zn-doped magnetite powders, as shown in Figure 1a, are represented by circles, whereas the quantitative data analysis results performed using the Rietveld method by employing the Rietica program are represented by solid black lines
Prior studies have shown that Zn2+ was incorporated in the structure of magnetite to form the negatively charged surface of Zn-doped magnetite as demonstrated by an increased lattice constant of the Zn-doped magnetite nanoparticles originated from an increased Zn content

Summary

Introduction

Nanomaterials in the range 1–100 nm have become essential owing to their increased surface-to-volume ratio. Nanoparticle activities in biological processes have been scrutinized because of the extensive development of biotechnology combined with nanotechnology in biomedical sciences. Their significant toxicity to bacteria suggests that nanoparticles could play a fundamental role as future bactericides. The high biocompatibility of nanoparticles makes them potentially promising as safety agents in living organisms Their medical application using antibiotics is well established, there is limited information on how liquid nanoparticles, especially in ferrofluids, can be postulated as secondary bactericides in medical treatment. To allow their more specific application as powerful antibacterial agents, it is essential to produce magnetite nanoparticles in magnetite ferrofluids

Methods

Results

Conclusion