Abstract
With up to 40% of the world’s population in over 80 countries and regions experiencing water stress, water reuse has emerged as a genuine and reliable alternat…
Highlights
With up to 40% of the world’s population in over 80 countries and regions experiencing water stress, water reuse has emerged as a genuine and reliable alternative that can be used to supplement, and in some cases substitute, traditional water sources
Reclaimed water projects typically include construction of new, or upgrades to a municipality’s existing, treatment systems to treat wastewater to the required quality level, and construction of distribution systems for reclaimed water. Their realization requires deciding on many relevant issues beyond the scope of this chapter, but the three broad questions that need be answered for every potential project are: (i) How much of the available wastewater should be treated? (ii) What level of treatment needs to be provided? and (iii) How is the reclaimed water going to be distributed? It is very likely that a water reuse system could have many possible design options: different sets of served endusers, with various water quality requirements; type and degree of treatment; number and location of treatment plants; number and location of pumps or pumping stations; number, size and location of storage tanks; layout and size of distribution pipe network
A review of current practices and future trends in water reuse worldwide leads to a conclusion that the planning of water reuse schemes of increasing scale and complexity will require a structured approach for their evaluation
Summary
We present the basic components of WTRNet DSS, encapsulated in a user-friendly software tool. The focus of this chapter is on the optimization module, and further details of other components are provided in The software consists of five main components, shown in Figure 24.1: the control module, which is used to exchange information between the model components and as a graphical interface to the model; the model knowledge base—a database element; and three computational elements: treatment performance module, distribution system performance module, and optimization module. The primary function of the control module is to provide the graphical user interface (GUI) for the simulation and optimization model, and to control the information flow between the computational modules, knowledge base and GUI. The knowledge base and computational modules of WTRNet are described below, and the following section outlines the visual interface (control module)
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