Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising alternative to lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large scale energy storage in the future. However, the commercial graphite anode is not suitable for SIBs because of its low Na+ ions storage capability and poor cycling stability. Recently, another alternative as anode for SIBs, amorphous carbon materials, have attracted tremendous attention because of their abundant resource, nontoxicity, and most importantly, stability. Here, N-doped hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (NHPCS) derived from Ni-MOF have been prepared and used as anode for SIBs. Benefiting from the open porous structure and expanded interlayer distance, the diffusion of Na+ is greatly facilitated and the Na+ storage capacity is significantly enhanced concurrently. The NHPCS exhibit high reversible capacity (291 mA h g−1 at current of 200 mA g−1), excellent rate performance (256 mA h g−1 at high current of 1,000 mA g−1), and outstanding cycling stability (204 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles).
Highlights
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as the power sources for portable electric devices, electric vehicles (EV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), because of their high energy density, high operate voltage and long services life (Zheng et al, 2015; Huang et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2017; Pan et al, 2018a)
Hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (HPCS) were synthesized with the same procedure except that annealing process was conducted without melamine
The obtained Ni-MOF precursors were calcinated with melamine under Ar atmosphere. This annealing process converts MOF to N-C microspheres while maintains the framework of Ni-MOF template, with the Ni nanoparticles uniformly distributing in the carbon microspheres
Summary
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used as the power sources for portable electric devices, electric vehicles (EV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), because of their high energy density, high operate voltage and long services life (Zheng et al, 2015; Huang et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2017; Pan et al, 2018a). Benefiting from this unique design, NHPCS combines the advantages of both heteroatom-doping and porous structures, and are shown to exhibit high reversible capacity, outstanding rate performance and good cycling stability. Hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (HPCS) were synthesized with the same procedure except that annealing process was conducted without melamine.
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