Abstract
Popularity of the Internet of things (IoT) is currently on the rise. Academia as well as industry is equally fascinated by this disruptive technology. The IoT research and implementation have succeeded securing their place in numerous domains including, but not limited to, business, transportation and logistics, health care, smart cities, and agriculture. Conceptual modeling is pivotal to the design and implementation of a system. Various modeling approaches have been used for a variety of the IoT applications and case studies. In this paper, we examine various innovative applications of the existing conceptual modeling approaches for the IoT. We analyze the use of these approaches against different concerns in isolation as well as in mutual combination for the IoT. We also define a set of terminologies that we frequently encounter in this manuscript and those likely to be used while adopting proposed modeling approaches for the IoT scenarios. This study also attempts to reconcile different modeling approaches toward a unified modeling system. For this purpose, we map various conceptual modeling approaches against different layers of functional model of the IoT reference architecture. There is also a scenario in the end of the paper which elaborates the use of different modeling approaches in hierarchy for a complex IoT system.
Highlights
A variety of new avenues have come to light in recent decades such as real-time and embedded systems, internet of things, Blockchain, pervasive computing, multi-agent systems and hybrid systems control
In section-4, we map modeling approaches with the functional model of Internet of things (IoT) reference architecture and in the end of this section we provide a scenario example to elaborate the application of different modeling approaches in combination in a top-down hierarchy
In the third sub-section we provide a scenario to elaborate our mapping of conceptual modeling approaches with IoT-reference architecture
Summary
A variety of new avenues have come to light in recent decades such as real-time and embedded systems, internet of things, Blockchain, pervasive computing, multi-agent systems and hybrid systems control. Fuzzy logic works just like human interpretations with more than two states output making it capable of dealing IoT systems like controlling indoor temperature in relation to outdoor temperature in an energy efficient way [71] It may be helpful in modeling the qualitative aspect of day-to-day traveling choice of travelers for travel time perception [58]. Service oriented architecture helps in developing business applications to solve complex problems by separating software functionalities and information sources as modular service components. These service components may be reused as a single service or may be used in combination or aggregation to provide a service. The contracts may be divided into four types, i.e. behavioral contacts, synchronization contracts, syntactical contracts and quality-of-service contracts
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