Hierarchical Microstructure Changes of Oriented Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Foam via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Increased Piezoelectric Performance

Abstract

Light weight poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has attracted wide attention for energy supply. In this work, oriented PVDF foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) physical foaming associated with a constraint mold. The corresponding micro-nanostructures and electrical performances were researched comprehensively. It reveals that the cell structure and molecular chains of PVDF foams are oriented due to the limitation of gas diffusion paths. Because of the realization of uniaxial stretching during cell growth, the β phase content is increased. Besides, after foaming, the regularity of the chain segments in amorphous region is improved, which is caused by the decrease in the quantity of free-volume cavities. The 1D-149 °C oriented PVDF foam exhibits a high voltage output (8 V), due to the ultralow dielectric constant (1.8) and high compressive strength. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the design of oriented PVDF foams, showing the potential of energy collector.