Hierarchical mesoporous metal–organic frameworks encapsulated enzymes: Progress and perspective

Abstract

• HM-MOFs have unique advantages for enzyme encapsulation. • Design strategies for HM-MOFs are systematically summarizes. • Synthetic strategy and advanced applications for HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes are surveyed. • Possible future directions of HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes are discussed. Hierarchical mesoporous metal–organic frameworks (HM-MOFs) with adjustable mesopores have shown great potential for the encapsulation of enzyme because of their enhanced performance for enzymatic catalysis. The evolution of HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes has resulted in tremendous progress. To date, a considerable number of HM-MOFs featured with intrinsic mesopores or mesoporous defects have been developed for enzyme encapsulation, and significant enhancement has been achieved in terms of catalytic activity, stability, and reusability. This review systematically summarizes the exploitation and strategies to design HM-MOFs. Various strategies for developing enzyme@HM-MOF composites and their advanced applications are also surveyed. Possible future directions in this area are also envisioned and discussed to provide an accessible introduction to HM-MOFs encapsulated enzymes for the scientists in this field.