Abstract
Mineralized collagen has been introduced as a promising barrier membrane material for guided bone regeneration (GBR) due to its biomimetic nanostructure. Immune interaction between materials and host significantly influences the outcome of GBR. However, current barrier membranes are insufficient for clinical application due to limited mechanical or osteoimmunomodulatory properties. In this study, we fabricated hierarchical intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (HIMC) membrane, comparing with collagen (COL) and extrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (EMC) membranes, HIMC membrane exhibited preferable physicochemical properties by mimicking the nanostructure of natural bone. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on HIMC membrane showed superior proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation capacity. HIMC membrane induced CD206+Arg-1+ M2 macrophage polarization, which in turn promoted more BMSCs migration. In rat skull defects, HIMC membrane promoted the regeneration of new bone with more bone mass and more mature bone architecture. The expression levels of Runx2 and osterix and CD68 + CD206 + M2 macrophage polarization were significantly enhanced. HIMC membrane provides an appropriate osteoimmune microenvironment to promote GBR and represents a promising material for further clinical application.
Highlights
Regeneration of periodontal tissue is a challenging step in the treatment of periodontitis, especially the regeneration of lost bone tissue
We investigated whether hierarchical intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (HIMC) membrane can regulate macrophage polarization based on the biomimetic nanostructure
Semiquantitative analysis of the results indicated the observed differences were statistically significant, the HIMC membrane distinctly enhanced the osteogenic capacity of Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in terms of ALP and ARS (Figures 3B,C)
Summary
Regeneration of periodontal tissue is a challenging step in the treatment of periodontitis, especially the regeneration of lost bone tissue. Hierarchical intrafibrillarly mineralized collagen (HIMC), which presents a surface that is highly similar to the natural bone matrix based on a hierarchical combination of collagen and HA, shows superior option for GBR applications (Liu et al, 2016). Both cell and animal studies have verified the excellent osteogenic induction potential and bone regeneration capacity of HIMC material (Liu et al, 2014; Sun et al, 2016; Zhang et al, 2019)
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