Abstract
Multi-energy carriers system (MECS), in which diverse energy carriers and different energy systems interact together, has drawn the interest of many researchers in recent years. However, the optimal economic operational model of the MECS is a nonlinear, multi-variable, and multi-period problem, of which it is difficult to find the solution because several different energy flows are integrated in the system. To this end, three interest bodies in the MECS were investigated, which included the energy provider, the energy facilitator, and the energy consumer, and a hierarchical optimal economic operation strategy was then presented. A hybrid optimization strategy combining the swarm intelligence algorithm and interior point method was developed taking advantage of the merits of each method. Case studies were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical optimal economic operation strategy, whereby demonstrating that the proposed strategy can achieve rational energy allocation and decrease the energy cost in the MECS compared with traditional energy systems.
Highlights
Energy has become the cornerstone of human survival and development
The costs of each energy facilitator and the losses on each transmission network for 24 h are summarized in Table 4, which indicates that the total cost of Case 1 is lower than the other cases in this paper
The capacity restriction of the gas boiler and the absence of a heat storage device the energy facilitator cannot meet the thermal need of the energy consumer due to the capacity might account for this result; the energy facilitator should employ theare
Summary
Energy has become the cornerstone of human survival and development. How to reasonably allocate energy and cut down system costs on the premise of meeting energy needs has attracted the attention of many scholars in the world [1]. In [15], decentralized energy systems are integrated based on the energy hub approach at the neighborhood scale, and the energy-autonomy, as well as the economic and ecological performance are evaluated simultaneously Most of these studies mainly concentrate on the modeling of MECS, and as well the model of transmission networks, such as electricity, natural gas, and district heating (DH) networks, should be considered adequately. 57-bus systems, which considers a self-adapting wavelet mutation strategy for the modified phase, and merges with fuzzy clustering for better population selection [28] This algorithm was employed to solve the operation management and optimal power flow problem in MECS [29,30]. In most of these studies, the optimal operation model was built algorithm II (NSGA II) based on a system which contains integrated electrical and natural gas and solved without considering the system structure and the interest bodies in the MECS.
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