Abstract
Significant integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) has led to the evolution of an alternative platform with distributed generation and clustered loads in low or medium-voltage distribution networks. However, a standalone microgrid is susceptible to several inconsistencies that may lead to system failure and disruption due to the inherent uncertainty of RES and its intermittent nature. The paper proposes a coordinated and hierarchical control framework with an inverter-fed primary controller to maintain the nominal voltage and frequency with a regulated exchange of ancillary power in networked microgrids. Further, during peak hours, a secondary control mechanism is incorporated through Demand Side Management (DSM). Intelligent aggregation of TCLs has been done based on decision tree models and further controls to maintain the nominal frequency in networked microgrids adhering to IEC 60929 considering different temperature ranges (16–22) °C. A thorough investigation is carried out considering two separate microgrids of critical and non-critical loads respectively (one a hospital microgrid and another residential microgrid) connected through an interlinking converter. The modeling of the test system and analysis of the proposed control mechanism is simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK and real-time validation in the OPAL-RT platform considering several dynamics.
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