Abstract
Hierarchical modulation provides unequal error protection to transmitted data according to their relative importance. In this article, hierarchical modulation constellation based on circular θ-quadrature amplitude modulation (CTQAM), 4/M-CTQAM, M = 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sup> , k ≥ 4, is proposed. We provide a construction method and bit-to-symbol mapping for the proposed hierarchical modulation constellation. We then examine the bit error rate performance of 4/M-CTQAM and validate the theoretical results through computer simulations in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.
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