Abstract
Thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) have great thermal storage capability and are therefore excellent demand response (DR) resources to solve the problem of power fluctuation caused by renewable energy. Traditional centralized management is affected by communication quality severely and thus usually has poor real-time control performance. To tackle this problem, a hierarchical and distributed control strategy for TCAs is established. In the proposed control strategy, target assignment has the feature of self-regulating, owing to the designed target assignment and compensating algorithm which can utilize DR resources maximally in the controlled regions and get better control effects. Besides, the model prediction strategy and customers’ responsive behavior model are integrated into the original optimal temperature regulation (OTR-O), and OTR-O will be evolved into improved optimal temperature regulation. A series of case studies have been given to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Highlights
As the increasing tension of power supply, it becomes more important to balance power supply and demand effectively, and improve safety, reliability and economics of power system at the same time
On the customer side and even the power system side, low cost communication techniques are usually preferred, which may incurs serious packet loss and bit errors during data transmission. Both the customers’ private information and control decisions may be intercepted during the communication process, may result in security and privacy problems [26]. To surmount these deficiencies of centralized control, this paper aims to develop a hierarchical and distributed demand response (DR) control strategy
Different from traditional centralized control strategies, in the hierarchical and distributed DR control strategy proposed in this paper, the central controller and regional aggregators make the DR control ‘hierarchical’, and the heat pumps being divided into different virtual power plant (VPP) makes it ‘distributed’
Summary
As the increasing tension of power supply, it becomes more important to balance power supply and demand effectively, and improve safety, reliability and economics of power system at the same time. On the customer side and even the power system side, low cost communication techniques are usually preferred, which may incurs serious packet loss and bit errors during data transmission Both the customers’ private information and control decisions may be intercepted during the communication process, may result in security and privacy problems [26]. To surmount these deficiencies of centralized control, this paper aims to develop a hierarchical and distributed DR control strategy. It is nearly a center-free algorithm and there is no need to collect information of all DR devices or send control signal to them.
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