Abstract
In this article, I review a class of electroweak (EW)-scale dark-matter (DM) models where DM stability or longevity is the result of underlying dark gauge symmetries: (i) DM is stable because of unbroken local dark gauge symmetry or topology, or (ii) it is long-lived due to the accidental global symmetry of underlying dark gauge theories. Compared with the usual phenomenological dark matter models (including DM effective field theory (EFT) or simplified DM models), there are new particles in addition to DM, namely, dark gauge boson(s), dark Higgs bosons and sometimes excited dark matter, and their interactions are completely fixed by the local gauge principle. The idea of singlet portals, including the Higgs portal, can thermalize DM very efficiently so that this DM could easily be thermal DM. I also discuss the limitation of the usual DM effective field theory or simplified DM models with only unbroken $SU(3)_{\rm color} \times U(1)_{\rm em}$ gauge symmetry in the context of Higgs portal DM models and emphasize the importance of the full SM gauge symmetry and renormalizability, especially for DM searches at high-energy colliders.
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