Hidden of Hungers of Camden: Unraveling the Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Ethnic Minority Women Living in Deprivation

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Using a mixed methods approach, (quantitative and qualitative study design) this study explores the phenomenon of demographics and socio-economic status and its impact on nutrient intake among ethnic minority women in deprivation. Methods A six-week intervention labelled “Women Nutrition Programme” (WNP) delivered culturally tailored nutrition education and healthy cooking sessions, targeting ethnic sub-groups of the study population with aims to increase nutritional knowledge and increase confidence to cook cultural foods using healthier cooking methods. 24 hour dietary recalls were used to capture dietary intake pre and post intervention as well as anthropometric measurements including BMI and WC. Statistical analysis completed, using IBM SPSS software (version 24) at 95% confidence level P > 0.05 and 24 hour dietary recalls were analyzed using Nutritics, nutritional analytical software; descriptive statistics expressed as mean. WNP also included women empower empowerment, physical fitness, workshops, and free access to a local community gym. Qualitative data collection included focus group discussions, one to one interviews, and case studies. Results Based on 24-hour dietary recalls, used as main nutritional assessment tool, average mean nutrient intake were lower range of the normal value of recommended UK reference values for nutrients; calcium, folic acid (vitamin B9), iron, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin D. However, participants that completed (N = 23), WNP, showed a significant increase in nutrient intake for example; potassium mean intake 2073.43 mg (pre) and 2279.43 mg (post). Results also reveal that there are inter-correlations between low-income/low education qualification and overweight/obesity. Conclusions Results from the study reveal a double burden of malnutrition. Therefore, developing culturally tailored nutrition interventions which include skills based healthy cooking courses and nutrition education could positively increase micro-nutrient intake among those suffering from hidden hungers. Funding Sources University of Westminster provided £400.