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Abstract
Compounds of natural origin may constitute an interesting tool for the treatment of neuroblastoma, the most prevalent extracranial solid tumor in children. PRES is a commercially available food supplement, composed of a 13:2 (w/w) extracts mix of Olea europaea L. leaves (OE) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers (HS). Its potential towards neuroblastoma is still unexplored and was thus investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. PRES decreased the viability of cells in a concentration-dependent fashion (24 h IC50 247.2 ± 31.8 µg/mL). Cytotoxicity was accompanied by an increase in early and late apoptotic cells (AV-PI assay) and sub G0/G1 cells (cell cycle analysis), ROS formation, reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspases activities. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine reverted the cytotoxic effects of PRES, suggesting a key role played by ROS in PRES-mediated SH-SY5Y cell death. Finally, the effects of OE and HS extracts were singularly tested and compared to those of the corresponding mixture. OE- or HS-mediated cytotoxicity was always significantly lower than that caused by PRES, suggesting a synergic effect. In conclusion, the present findings highlight the potential of PRES for the treatment of neuroblastoma and offers the basis for a further characterization of the mechanisms underlying its effects.
Highlights
Advanced therapeutic strategies for cancer are mainly based on synthetic drugs and/or monoclonal humanized antibodies, that often produce severe adverse effects, despite designed for being selective
PRES is a 13:2 (w/w) mix of the extracts prepared from Olea europaea L. leaves (OE) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flowers (HS), respectively
We found it of interest to assess whether the observed overall effect of PRES is a result of an additive, antagonistic or synergic activity between OE and HS components
Summary
Advanced therapeutic strategies for cancer are mainly based on synthetic drugs and/or monoclonal humanized antibodies, that often produce severe adverse effects, despite designed for being selective. The finding of non-toxic compounds, that still target particular genes or proteins should be a strategy that worth to be pursued, especially for pediatric cancer treatments. The diagnosis occurs mainly within the first year of age, resulting into a better outcome, whereas in the other patients the outcome itself is generally poor. NB treatment, despite some successes, remains highly demanding and is based on surgical resection, chemo- or radiation therapy. Surgery is not possible in more than 70% of patients as Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1962.
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