HGG-13. Combined CDK inhibition and arginine-deprivation as targeted therapy for arginine-auxotrophic glioblastoma multiforme cells

Abstract

INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma multiforme show constitutive activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) or arginine auxotrophy. This renders tumor cells vulnerable towards arginine-depleting substances, such as arginine deiminase from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpyADI). Previously, we confirmed the susceptibility of patient-derived GBM cells towards administration of SpyADI as well as CDK inhibitors (CDKis). To improve effects, we applied a sequential (SEQ) CDKi/SpyADI approach to examine mechanistic insights and drug susceptibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three arginine-auxotrophic patient-derived GBM lines with different molecular characteristics were cultured in 2D and 3D (spheres and glioma stem-like cells (GSC)) and effects of this combined CDKi/SpyADI approach were analyzed. This included viability staining via Calcein AM in 2D and 3D-Glo in 3D culture and cell death analysis via flow cytometry. Therapy-induced morphological changes were identified with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, 3D-invasiveness, cellular stress, and DNA damage responses were measured. RESULTS: All SEQ-CDKi/SpyADI combinations yielded synergistic antitumoral effects, characterized by impaired cell proliferation, invasiveness, and viability. Notably, this SEQ-CDKi/SpyADI approach was most effective in 3D models. Mitochondrial impairment was demonstrated by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing oxygen consumption rate along with extracellular acidification rate after abemaciclib/SpyADI monotherapy or its combination regimens. TEM confirmed damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum together with increased vacuolization under CDKi mono- and SEQ- CDKi/SpyADI combination therapy. SEQ-abemaciclib/SpyADI treatment suppressed the DSB repair system via NHEJ and HR, whereas SEQ-dinaciclib/SpyADI treatment increased γ-H2AX accumulation and induced Rad51/Ku80. The latter combination also activated the stress sensor GADD45 and β-catenin antagonist AXIN2. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the antitumoral potential of a combined SpyADI/CDKi approach. We show that sequential application of these substances has complex effects on mitochondrial dysfunction, invasiveness, and DNA-damage response. This provides a good starting point for further proof-of-concept studies to move forward with this strategy.